Your search is designed to include a large number of relevant citations initially, but
ultimately to permit a very focused review of key articles. 7 You search MEDLINE and seek …

Background: Esophagogastric anastomotic leaks continue to be a major source of morbidity
and mortality after esophagectomy. Leaks usually result from technical errors or occult …

You are an orthopedic surgeon who has recently joined a group of orthopedic surgeons
practising in an academic centre. You have an interest in injuries about the foot and ankle …

During the 1960s and 1970s, the first randomized controlled trials in surgery were
performed. Prior to this, surgical advances were largely made by physiologic …

Objectives Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of such trials are the gold
standard for assessing the effectiveness of interventions. There have been concerns about …

Rigorously designed, conducted, and analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
represent the gold standard in evaluating surgical interventions. If they are also reported …

Objective To determine the extent to which systematic reviews published in surgery journals
reported a clinical trial registry search as part of their search strategy and whether systematic …

Surgeons are often accused of lagging behind their medical colleagues in embracing
evidence based medicine and utilizing new research tools to conducting high quality …

The overwhelming increase in the quantity of clinical evidence has led to detachment of the
evidence and practice because new evidence can be integrated into clinical practice only …

From* St. Joseph's Healthcare, the† Department of Surgery, the‡ Surgical Outcomes
Research Centre, the § Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster …