Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease of the apocrine sweat glands resulting in chronic wounds with abscesses, sinuses, and fibrosis. Because many patients referred for treatment have both recurrent and progressive disability, we attempted to determine which factors have the greatest impact on outcome so we could develop an operative treatment algorithm.
Methods: We identified 57 patients with HS who underwent operative treatment for chronic recurrent HS from January 1994 through December 2003. Charts were reviewed for demographic, treatment, and outcome data.
Results: The mean age at presentation was 34 years and the average duration of symptoms was 6.7 years. Two thirds of the patients had undergone 1 or more incision and drainage procedures and 90% had received long-term antibiotic therapy. Axillary involvement was present in 88% of women and was bilateral in half of all patients. Inguinoperineal involvement was present in 87% of men and was bilateral in 92% of all patients. An algorithm for operative treatment was developed based on the extent of involvement, chronicity, and comorbid conditions. Ninety-two operative procedures were performed, 50% involved the axilla, 36% involved the perineum, and 14% involved the inguinal region. Excision and primary closure was used for localized disease; wide excision with or without skin grafting was used for diffuse disease.
Conclusions: HS is a chronic relapsing disease that frequently causes disabling pain, diminished range of motion, and social isolation. Definitive treatment involves operative excision of the involved apocrine tissue and should be individualized based on the stage and location of the disease.