Demographic and clinical characteristics of the included patients based on transfusion status
| Characteristic | Group; no. (%) or mean (IQR) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transfused (n = 535) | Nontransfused (n = 2349) | ||
| Age, yr | < 0.001 | ||
| < 40 | 10 (1.9) | 77 (3.3) | |
| 40–64 | 142 (26.5) | 862 (36.7) | |
| 65–74 | 168 (31.4) | 683 (29.0) | |
| ≥ 75 | 215 (40.2) | 727 (31.0) | |
| Male sex | 320 (59.8) | 1366 (58.1) | 0.48 |
| Race | 0.05 | ||
| White | 255 (47.7) | 1132 (48.2) | |
| Black | 83 (15.5) | 323 (13.8) | |
| Other | 46 (8.6) | 293 (12.5) | |
| Unknown | 151 (28.2) | 601 (25.6) | |
| ASA Score | < 0.001 | ||
| I | 3 (0.56) | 30 (1.3) | |
| II | 99 (18.5) | 761 (32.4) | |
| III | 363 (67.9) | 1434 (61.1) | |
| IV/V | 70 (13.1) | 124 (5.3) | |
| BMI | 0.13 | ||
| < 20 | 56 (10.5) | 203 (8.6) | |
| 20–29 | 352 (65.8) | 1576 (67.0) | |
| 30–40 | 99 (18.5) | 476 (20.3) | |
| ≥ 40 | 23 (4.3) | 62 (2.6) | |
| Unknown | 5 (0.93) | 32 (1.4) | |
| Diabetes | 134 (22.8) | 453 (19.3) | 0.003 |
| Active smoker | 80 (15.7) | 431 (18.4) | 0.06 |
| COPD | 47 (8.8) | 113 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
| Dyspnea | < 0.001 | ||
| At rest | 13 (2.4) | 12 (0.51) | |
| With moderate exertion | 91 (17.0) | 235 (10.0) | |
| Hypertension | 353 (66.0) | 1417 (60.3) | 0.015 |
| Cardiac comorbidity | 535 (67.1) | 1422 (60.6) | 0.005 |
| Bleeding disorder | 38 (7.1) | 74 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
| Corticosteroid use | 11 (2.1) | 40 (1.7) | 0.58 |
| Weight loss > 10% | 112 (20.9) | 326 (13.9) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative albumin < 3g/dL | 358 (66.9) | 1710 (72.8) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.4 (3.0–3.9) | 3.8 (3.5–4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative hematocrit (%) | 31.7 (28.4–37.7) | 36.9 (33.7–40.4) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative INR | 1.1 (1.0–4.4) | 1.0 (1.0–3.6) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative chemotherapy (within 30 d of surgery) | 29 (5.4) | 159 (6.8) | 0.47 |
| Preoperative radiation therapy (within 30 d of surgery) | 10 (1.9) | 54 (2.3) | 0.79 |
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic pulmonary obstructive disease; INR = international normalized ratio; IQR = interquartile range.